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Python Operators

 

Python Operators

Python Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.

In the example below, we use the + operator to add together two values:

Example

print(10 + 5)

Python divides the operators in the following groups:

  • Arithmetic operators
  • Assignment operators
  • Comparison operators
  • Logical operators
  • Identity operators
  • Membership operators
  • Bitwise operators

Python Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:

OperatorNameExample
+Additionx + 
-Subtractionx - y
*Multiplicationx * y
/Divisionx / y
%Modulusx % y
**Exponentiationx ** y
//Floor divisionx // y

Python Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:

OperatorExampleSame As
=x = 5x = 5
+=x += 3x = x + 3
-=x -= 3x = x - 3
*=x *= 3x = x * 3
/=x /= 3x = x / 3
%=x %= 3x = x % 3
//=x //= 3x = x // 3
**=x **= 3x = x ** 3
&=x &= 3x = x & 3
|=x |= 3x = x | 3
^=x ^= 3x = x ^ 3
>>=x >>= 3x = x >> 3
<<=x <<= 3x = x << 3

Python Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are used to compare two values:

OperatorNameExample
==Equalx == y
!=Not equalx != y
>Greater thanx > y
<Less thanx < y
>=Greater than or equal tox >= y
<=Less than or equal tox <= y

Python Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:

OperatorDescriptionExample
and Returns True if both statements are truex < 5 and  x < 10
orReturns True if one of the statements is truex < 5 or x < 4
notReverse the result, returns False if the result is truenot(x < 5 and x < 10)

Python Identity Operators

Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:

OperatorDescriptionExample
is Returns True if both variables are the same objectx is y
is notReturns True if both variables are not the same objectx is not y

Python Membership Operators

Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:

Operator                    DescriptionExample
in Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the objectx in y
not inReturns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the objectx not in y

Python Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:

Operator                 Name                                            Description
&                      AND                                    Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1
|                  OR                                    Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1
 ^                  XOR                                    Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1
~                    NOT                                      Inverts all the bits
<<         Zero fill left                  shift                            Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off
>>       Signed right                 shift                     Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the                                              rightmost bits fall off

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